Democritus | The man who coined the term Atom

Have no idea who these two are, I imagined Democritus to be such a figure.

A few centuries ago; There was a city in Greek: Miletus. It perhaps was the most important city in the Greek world before the golden ages of Athens and Sparta. 
If you ask me, I would say that this was the first city to have produced or pioneered a different style of thinking, in which the student or in ancient terms disciple is no longer obliged to respect and share the teacher's ideas, but can freely build on these ideas without being afraid to discard or criticize the part that can be improved. 
The city of Miletus was also set out to encourage thought-provoking ideas, not to destroy them; 

This is the place where several geniuses lived and spent their time with the sole purpose of discovering ideas and revealing the secrets of the universe. This is the place where the beginning of scientific thinking was marked for the first time.

For millennia, mankind communicated with different forms and tried different methods to preserve knowledge and pass it on to the next generation. From cuneiform tablets to ancient Chinese texts; from the hieroglyphic writing on the pyramids to the myths of the Sioux; from the oldest Indian texts to the Bible. from African stories to Aboriginal Australians, everything was a colourful but basically monotonous flow of communication and knowledge storage; It's funny that we can store the entire history of the pre-1900 human beings on a 64GB flash drive. 

But Miletus did not last that long, it came to a catastrophic end. The Persian Empire and an anti-imperial revolt led at the beginning of 494 BCE. To violent destruction of the city. But a leader in scientific thought from Miletus named Leucippus escaped and embarked from Miletus for Abdera. Upon arriving in Abdera, he founded a scientific and philosophical school, in which he soon joined a young student, Democritus, whose long shadow would be cast over the thoughts of all later ages. 

What did Leucippus and Democritus discover? 

The idea of ​​Democritus's system is very simple: The entire universe consists of an unlimited space in which countless atoms run. The space has no limits; it has neither above nor below; it has no centre, no limit. Atoms have no properties other than their shape. They have no weight, no colour, and no taste. Next to convention sweet, Next to convention bitter, Next to convention spicy, Next to convention colour; but by verity atoms and void" Atoms are indivisible, they are the elementary grains of reality that cannot be further subdivided, and everything consists of them. They move freely in space, collide with one another, they hook and push and pull one another Atoms attract and stick together. 

That is the fabric of the world. That is the reality. Everything else is just a coincidental and accidental by-product of this movement and this combination of atoms. The infinite variety of substances that make up the world results from this combination of atoms alone. 

Atoms are randomly combined, just as various combinations of the letters of the alphabet can give us comedies or tragedies, ridiculous stories or epic poems; as such, elemental atoms combine to create the world in its infinite variety of shapes. 
On the contrary, many did not believe in this theory; even Aristotle, Plato, Zeno and some responded with many quarrels and paradoxes. A famous example was Zeno's Paradox. Many also asked if you say that everything is made up of atoms, how big would it be?

But in fact, someone has proven that Democritus theory is true and that atoms exist and also proved the size of the atom. The final proof of the 'atomic hypothesis' had to wait until 1905. It was found by a 25-year-old rebel who had studied physics but couldn't find a job as a scientist and managed to work as a clerk in the patent office in Berne. He submitted 3 articles to the then most renowned physics journal, the Annalen der Physik. 

The first of these articles contained the definitive proof of the existence of atoms and calculated their dimensions, thereby solving the problem posed by Leucippus and Democritus 23 centuries earlier. As you might have guessed, the 25-year-old is called Albert Einstien. 

How did you find it? 

He found it by observing the motion of the particles; it is the so-called Brownian motion. More on that, Maybe Later. But this story becomes interesting in another way, all the works that Miletus produced, and then Leucippus and Democritus; all his work has been lost for centuries. It can easily be inferred that this would have been the greatest intellectual tragedy that emerged from the collapse of an ancient civilization. 

The centuries ruled by monotheism did not allow the naturalism of Democritus to survive. But one text survived the catastrophe and reached us completely. Only through him have we been able to know a little about atomism and also know the spirit of science. It is the wonderful poem De Rerum Natura by the Latin poet Lucretius.

“But there happen to be a twist long before we actually formulated the poem and elaborated them.”

The text of Lucretia, forgotten for centuries, was rediscovered in January 1417 by the humanist Poggio Bracciolini, in the library of a German monastery. 
But even this codex found by Poggio has been lost, but the copy made by his friend Niccolò Niccolia is still entirely preserved in Laurenziana. 
 

The rediscovery of De Rerum Natura deeply marked the Italian and European Renaissance, and its echo resonates directly or indirectly in the pages of authors ranging from Galileo to Kepler, from Bacon to Machiavelli. Einstein's idea that the existence of atoms is revealed by the Brownian motion of tiny particles submerged in a fluid dates back to Lucretia.

We can just reimagine the fact that this little piece of information made a big fuss about all the evolution of science that made major inventions possible and also manages to put this little concept in the brains of children. of the fifth standard; it travelled from Malezio then to Leucippus and Democritus and was then vividly added in a poem by Lucretia which he lost even in the depths of the German library books and found by Poggio who also made a copy by Niccolò and then hit the brain of Einstien who had since seasoned science. It all happened under the great blue sky. 

There is a deep love for nature, a serene immersion in it; a recognition that we are deeply a part of it; that men, women, animals, plants and clouds are the organic sons of a marvellous whole, without hierarchies. There is a feeling of deep universalism as a result of Democritus splendid words: 

“To a wise man, the whole earth is open, because the true country of a virtuous soul is the entire universe”
 

Democritus considers Atom = indivisible substance. 
But it was indivisible until Dalton postulated a theory that atoms are in fact divisible and after a while, JJ Thomson discovered electrons and blew up the whole scientific system for a while.

Ironically, the atom is still called the atom.